Freshwater sources like rivers provide raw water that contains a lot of pollutants that make it unsafe; it must be eliminated. For this purpose, the waters will undergo a number of treatments needed to make it drinkable. The screening is the first step in a treatment process, which is to retain any large debris such as sticks, plastic bottles and cans (portable water purifiers for survival). To do this, it sets up a grid system, the spacing is about 50 mm. Once the gates are clogged with waste, a scraper rises along grids and knocked down the waste into a skip which, once full, is obviously to landfill.
In case where it is necessary to perform a removal of coarse solids thrust not settleable and suspended solids do not sediment is expected next to grilling also a sieving (or screening) or a microstacciatura. This type of intervention is normally alternative to primary sedimentation and also is also used for the removal of algae and plankton. The sieve consists of rotating cylinder (drum or noria) stainless steel horizontal axis, closed at its ends and partially immersed in a tank, on which is mounted a metal mesh also made of stainless material.
For a conventional filtration, the most common materials are sand and anthracite. The sand is used alone as a monolayer or associated with the bilayer in anthracite filters. Biological filtration media (iron removal, manganese removal, nitrification, denitrification) are sand and granular activated carbon. Waters purification (or purification) is the removal of contaminants from raw waters to get waters that is fit for normal domestic consumption or for irrigation of fields and also for industrial uses (eg. For use by establishments for food). With the gradual depletion of natural sources of drinking waters (deep waters), is increasingly resorting to surface waters (seas, rivers, lakes and dams).
In rotation, a portion of drum emerges allowing to free the network from the materials retained by the waters spray. The washing waters is collected in a gutter and sent to sludge line. Sieves and microstacci are constructively similar, differing only in size of holes of filter screens. The passage openings can even a few millimeters so the treatment is more efficient for the fine screening.
Stokes' law is valid for spherical particles whose size does not exceed 0.1 mm. As a first approximation, it is applied to any sedimentary particles of small size (sand, silt, clay). One of simplest techniques for settling is static settling for example with a vertical clarifier. Power is supplied from the bottom, the particles sediment and may be recovered at the bottom of cone, while the treated waters is discharged from the top by overflow. The sedimentation rate is unfortunately generally low.
However, the fact that the waters is by nature a solvent makes it somewhat problematic the effective elimination of many unwanted substances. The waters is put into a tank head from which it originated the system of waters supply - drinking. The interventions of this type are provided, when necessary, upstream of treatment processes of waters purification real, and allow the removal of materials and substances which by their nature and size are likely to damage the equipment and compromise the efficiency of subsequent treatment stages.
The functionality of desanding is linked to ability to allow the sedimentation of inert materials having a diameter exceeding certain values, indicates that the practice in 0.2-0.5 mm. These materials may in fact create problems for subsequent treatments as they can clog pipes and channels, and abrasive electro-mechanical equipment (pumps). With Desanding you reach the goal of eliminating 65-70% of suspended solids and to improve waters quality to be sent to following treatments. In these conditions the speed of sedimentation of particles is adjusted in a first approximation by Stokes law.
For waters of Category A1, may be the only physical treatment in addition to disinfection. The grid consists of series of metal bars placed at a distance such as to create obstacles to coarse bodies carried by the current. The grid is installed internally to channel coming to system, inclined with a slope generally equal to 1: 3.
In case where it is necessary to perform a removal of coarse solids thrust not settleable and suspended solids do not sediment is expected next to grilling also a sieving (or screening) or a microstacciatura. This type of intervention is normally alternative to primary sedimentation and also is also used for the removal of algae and plankton. The sieve consists of rotating cylinder (drum or noria) stainless steel horizontal axis, closed at its ends and partially immersed in a tank, on which is mounted a metal mesh also made of stainless material.
For a conventional filtration, the most common materials are sand and anthracite. The sand is used alone as a monolayer or associated with the bilayer in anthracite filters. Biological filtration media (iron removal, manganese removal, nitrification, denitrification) are sand and granular activated carbon. Waters purification (or purification) is the removal of contaminants from raw waters to get waters that is fit for normal domestic consumption or for irrigation of fields and also for industrial uses (eg. For use by establishments for food). With the gradual depletion of natural sources of drinking waters (deep waters), is increasingly resorting to surface waters (seas, rivers, lakes and dams).
In rotation, a portion of drum emerges allowing to free the network from the materials retained by the waters spray. The washing waters is collected in a gutter and sent to sludge line. Sieves and microstacci are constructively similar, differing only in size of holes of filter screens. The passage openings can even a few millimeters so the treatment is more efficient for the fine screening.
Stokes' law is valid for spherical particles whose size does not exceed 0.1 mm. As a first approximation, it is applied to any sedimentary particles of small size (sand, silt, clay). One of simplest techniques for settling is static settling for example with a vertical clarifier. Power is supplied from the bottom, the particles sediment and may be recovered at the bottom of cone, while the treated waters is discharged from the top by overflow. The sedimentation rate is unfortunately generally low.
However, the fact that the waters is by nature a solvent makes it somewhat problematic the effective elimination of many unwanted substances. The waters is put into a tank head from which it originated the system of waters supply - drinking. The interventions of this type are provided, when necessary, upstream of treatment processes of waters purification real, and allow the removal of materials and substances which by their nature and size are likely to damage the equipment and compromise the efficiency of subsequent treatment stages.
The functionality of desanding is linked to ability to allow the sedimentation of inert materials having a diameter exceeding certain values, indicates that the practice in 0.2-0.5 mm. These materials may in fact create problems for subsequent treatments as they can clog pipes and channels, and abrasive electro-mechanical equipment (pumps). With Desanding you reach the goal of eliminating 65-70% of suspended solids and to improve waters quality to be sent to following treatments. In these conditions the speed of sedimentation of particles is adjusted in a first approximation by Stokes law.
For waters of Category A1, may be the only physical treatment in addition to disinfection. The grid consists of series of metal bars placed at a distance such as to create obstacles to coarse bodies carried by the current. The grid is installed internally to channel coming to system, inclined with a slope generally equal to 1: 3.
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